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Most favorable conditions for growing
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Method of transplanting
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Land or soil preparation for planting
Land should be ready 15 days before planting. The first step is to create a soft and clean soil free from weeds so that plants can be in good conditions for the growth of the radical system.Work in the field will depend on soil conditions. Generally, when soil is compacted, a deep subsoil work must be done (important work on sowing lines) to make drainage easier as well as plough or plow (two crossed steps) or edge dragging. Normally, in high production zones, rainfall can be excessive during rainy seasons. That is why it is necessary to create draining furrows.
In order to avoid flooding and irrigation problems, it is recommendable to do soil leveling.
For transplanting, it is necessary to use 30-50 height centimeter flowerbeds, depending on soil characteristics, particularly in heavy soils or those with drainage problems.
Plant design and density
Growing design is very important because it is used as a strategy to obtain good crops in spite of papaya ringspot virus.It will be done in accordance with topographical conditions of the soil, draining furrows and distance between plants and paths. There are other important factors such as the use of manual or mechanical work and type of irrigation.
The arrangement can be done in simple or double rows. To decide which one is the best, there are some factors to be taken into account such as: Small spacings between plants can help produce small fruit, but phyto-sanitary, fertilization and transportation works can be hindered.
Larger spacings help produce bigger fruits, but yields can be reduced.
The quantity of total plants per area will consider the percentage of plants to be eliminated as a consequence of virus control. It is advisable to sow planting of more than 2000 because certified red Maradol resist high density such as:
| Distance (meters) | Plants per acre |
| a) 3.50 x 1.50 (rows per plants) | 1,905 |
| b) 2.50 x 2.00 (rows per plants) | 2,000 |
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c) 3.00 x 1.50 (rows per plants) |
2,222 |
| d) 3.20 x 1.30 (rows per plants) | 2,403 |
| e) 2.00 x 2.0 (rows per plants) | 2,500 |
| f) 3.60 x 2.00 x 1.50 (rows per plants) | 2,280 (Double Rows) |
| g) 4.00 x 1.50 x 1.50 (rows per plants) | 2,424 (Double Rows) |
| h) 3.50 x 1.50 x 1.50 (rows per plants) | 2,666 (Double Rows) |
Plantings, having wider paths than the distance among plants, are more convenient because they can facilitate phyto-sanitary, fertilization, transportation and pest control activities.
If possible paths should be orientated from north to south in order to make the most of sunbeams, but also in case of a defoliation, fruits will be less.
Land marking
Land marking should be done by using a tractor and a small wheel plough; first this work is carried out in one way and second in a perpendicular way. Another technique to mark is to furrow in one way and distances among plants are marked with a stick or tape measure.Holes should have 5 centimeters more than containers in which Maradol papaya plantlets are placed.
Optimal size of plants
The ideal transportation size of the plantlet is 15-20 centimeter height with 6-8 leaves (they are ready in 30-60 days after planting, but it depends on environmental conditions).If not possible to transplant when plants are in an ideal size, they can be pruned to a desirable height, but a 10-centimeter minimal standard should be considered.
Underground stem base disinfection
Each hole must be disinfected with the same treatment, applied to the tree nursery soil, based on fungicides and nematocides. Or Furad 5G ®(Carbofuran 5%) can be applied, at a rate of 5 a 10 grams, to the bottom of the underground stem base. It can be applied straight or mixed with any fertilizer and covered with soil.Fertilization when transplanting
A 18 - 46 - 00 formula fertilizer will be put inside each hole, but roots do not get in contact with it. The quantity of fertilizer is variable depending on the nutritional condition of the soil, it can vary between 25 to 150 grams (a nutritional analysis of soil is recommended).Transplant depth
When transplanting, the plant collar should be at the same depth as marked on the container in order to avoid rotting in the plant collar. Then fungicide is applied to the collar of the plant.Organic matter application
If organic matter is not applied in the preparation of the soil, it can be put in each hole by using cattle dung or any other manure, but these must be dried and disinfected.Normally, 4-5 kilograms per plant are needed, it can be mixed with fertilizer. Another option is to apply it mixed with soil around the plant.
Land humidity for transplanting
When the plant is being transplanted, it must have an optimal humidity. Watering before sowing is recommended because if not, there may be dehydration problems in the plants.Plantlet placement and transfer
Containers and plantlets must be handled very carefully because their radical system and foliage are very fragile. But also damages caused by wind, sun and humidity are possible.It is common to transport containers in plastic or wood boxes covered with plastic meshes as a means of protection.
When transporting, substrates must be humid in order to avoid root damages.
After putting the clod of earth in the hole, the plant collar must be at ground level and the stem must be free from soil. The clod of earth applied around the plant must be tightened lightly.
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